Before the development of the electric guitar and the use of
synthetic materials, a guitar was defined as being an instrument having
"a long, fretted neck, flat wooden soundboard, ribs, and a flat back,
most often with incurved sides".
The term is used to refer to a number of related instruments that were
developed and used across Europe beginning in the 12th century and,
later, in the Americas.
These instruments are descended from ones that existed in ancient central Asia and India
. For this reason guitars are distantly related to modern instruments from these regions, including the tanbur, the setar, and the sitar.
The oldest known iconographic representation of an instrument
displaying the essential features of a guitar is a 3,300 year old stone
carving of a Hittite bard.
The modern word
guitar, and its antecedents, have been applied
to a wide variety of cordophones since ancient times and as such is the
cause of confusion.